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At the turn of the 20th century, Missouri sued in the Supreme Court to stop Illinois from opening the Sanitary and Ship Canal. This effort to connect the Great Lakes and Mississippi watersheds has not been without controversy. During heavy rains and seasonal high waters in the region, the CAWS is used to control flooding. Public health crises that once were common because the Chicago River emptied the City's sewage into the lake the City's freshwater supplyvanished thanks to the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, which reversed the flow of the Chicago River so that it now pulls water from the lake, into the CAWS, and down toward the Mississippi. The navigable link has been a boon to industry and commerce, and it supports transportation and recreation.
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(Additional links between the Mississippi and the Great Lakes exist elsewhere, from *768 northern Minnesota to New York.) The system of canals, channels, locks, and dams, with which we are concerned, known today as the Chicago Area Waterway System (or CAWS, as the parties call it in their briefs), winds from the mouth of the Chicago River and four other points on Lake Michigan to tributaries of the Mississippi River in Illinois. Krauskopf, Chicago, IL, for Intervenors-Appellees.īefore MANION, WOOD, and WILLIAMS, Circuit Judges.Īmbitious engineering projects that began at the time that the City of Chicago was founded have established a waterway in northeastern Illinois that connects Lake Michigan to the Mississippi watershed. Krauskopf, Attorney, Law Offices of Stuart P. Kasper, Attorneys, Office of the Corporation Counsel, Appeals Division, Stuart P. Rieser (argued), Attorney, McGuirewoods LLP, Chicago, IL, Mara S. Rastetter, Attorney, Olson, Bzdok & Howard, P.C., Traverse City, MI, for Plaintiff-Intervenor.ĭavid L. Hill, Attorney, Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, Chicago, IL, for Defendants-Appellees. Jay, Attorney, Department of Justice, Office of the Solicitor General, Washington, DC, Brendon O'Connor (argued), Ronald M. Gray, Attorney, Department of Justice, Environment & Natural Resources Division, William M. Corbett, Jr., Attorney, Office of the Attorney General, Harrisburg, PA, for Plaintiffs-Appellants. Paul, MN, Richard Cordray, Attorney, Office of the Attorney General, Columbus, OH, Thomas W. Van Hollen, Attorney, Office of the Attorney General, Wisconsin Department of Justice, Madison, WI, Lori Swanson, Office of the Attorney General, St. Reichel (argued), Attorney, Office of the Attorney General of the State of Michigan, Environment, Natural Resources and Agriculture Division, Lansing, MI, J.B. United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit. UNITED STATES ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, et al., Defendants-Appellees, andĬity of Chicago, et al., Intervenors-Appellees.
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Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians, Intervenor-Appellant, 667 F.3d 765 (2011) State of MICHIGAN, et al., Plaintiffs-Appellants, and